T-type calcium channel Inhibitor

L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Ca_v3.2 channels with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor. L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells.

L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt (Sodium ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt selectively inhibits Ca_v3.2 channels with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor.

NNC 55-0396 (NNC 55-0396 dihydrochloride) is a blood-brain-barrier-permeable T-type Ca²⁺ channel inhibitor and pan-P450 inhibitor. NNC 55-0396 selectively inhibits T-type Ca²⁺ channels, suppresses HIF-1α expression and stability and inhibits Kv currents. NNC 55-0396 reduces brain infarct and attenuates neurological dysfunction. NNC 55-0396 inhibits the activity of multiple P450 enzymes. NNC 55-0396 (free base) can be used for the research of brain injury, hypertension, and glioblastoma.

Manidipine dihydrochloride is a third-generation, lipophilic, orally active and highly vasoselective calcium channel antagonist (IC₅₀ = 2.6 nM in guinea-pig ventricular cells) and acts as an antihypertensive agent. Manidipine effectively reduces blood pressure as well as improving insulin sensitivity, renal protection, and antiatherosclerotic activity. Manidipine also exerts anti-inflammatory activity mediated by NF-κB and antiviral activity against many flavivirus and negative-strand RNA viruses through the inhibition of calcium channel. Manidipine is widely applied to research of cardiovascular, metabolic disease and infection.

Ethosuximide, a widely prescribed anti-epileptic agent, improves the phenotypes of multiple neurodegenerative disease models and blocks the low voltage activated T-type calcium channel.

Trimethadione (3,5,5,-Trimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione) is an oxazolidinedione anticonvulsant agent widely used against absences seizures. Trimethadione also is a T-type calcium channel blocker which has antihyperalgesic effects.

Mibefradil dihydrochloride (Ro 40-5967 dihydrochloride) is a calcium channel blocker with moderate selectivity for T-type Ca²⁺ channels (IC₅₀s of 2.7 μM and 18.6 μM for T-type and L-type currents, respectively).

Flunarizine dihydrochloride is a potent dual Na⁺/Ca²⁺ channel (T-type) blocker. Flunarizine dihydrochloride is a D₂ dopamine receptor antagonist. Flunarizine dihydrochloride shows anticonvulsive and antimigraine activity, and peripheral vasodilator effects.

1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 4 μM for native T-currents. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties.

ML218 is a potent, selective and orally active T-type Ca²⁺ channels (Cav3.1, Cav3.2, Cav3.3) inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 310 nM and 270 nM for Cav3.2 and Cav3.3, respectively. ML218 inhibits the burst activity in subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons. ML218 has no significant inhibition of L- or N-type calcium channels, K_ATP or hERG potassium channels. ML218 can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

Suvecaltamide (MK-8998) is a selective T-type calcium channel inhibitor with oral efficacy. Suvecaltamide exhibits no cytotoxicity in myeloma cell lines and does not affect the antitumor efficacy of Bortezomib (BTZ). Suvecaltamide reverses BTZ-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in mouse and rat models, and helps inhibit myeloma growth.

Efonidipine (NZ-105) hydrochloride monoethanolate is an orally active dual L-type and T-type calcium channel blocker (CCB) with IC₅₀ values of 1.8 and 350 nM, respectively. Efonidipine hydrochloride monoethanolate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Efonidipine hydrochloride monoethanolate modulates adrenal steroidogenesis by increasing the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), dbcAMP-or angiotensin II-induced StAR mRNA expression and DHEA-S production, while suppressing the biosynthesis of aldosterone and cortisol. Efonidipine hydrochloride monoethanolate reduces plasma aldosterone levels in vivo. Efonidipine hydrochloride monoethanolate improves cardiac function in heart failure models by inhibiting T-type calcium channels (via both tonic and use-dependent blockade), independently of blood pressure reduction. Efonidipine hydrochloride monoethanolate can be used for research in hypertension, heart failure, and disorders involving dysregulated steroid hormone synthesis.

ABT-639 is a novel, peripherally acting, selective T-type Ca²⁺ channel blocker.

Efonidipine (NZ-105) is an orally active dual L-type and T-type calcium channel blocker (CCB) with IC₅₀ values of 1.8 and 350 nM, respectively. Efonidipine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Efonidipine modulates adrenal steroidogenesis by increasing the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), dbcAMP-or angiotensin II-induced StAR mRNA expression and DHEA-S production, while suppressing the biosynthesis of aldosterone and cortisol. Efonidipine reduces plasma aldosterone levels in vivo. Efonidipine improves cardiac function in heart failure models by inhibiting T-type calcium channels (via both tonic and use-dependent blockade), independently of blood pressure reduction. Efonidipine can be used for research in hypertension, heart failure, and disorders involving dysregulated steroid hormone synthesis.

(2R/S)-6-PNG (6-Prenylnaringenin) is a potent and reversible Ca_v3.2 T-type Ca²⁺ channels (T-channels) blocker. (2R/S)-6-PNG can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (2R/S)-6-PNG suppresses neuropathic and visceral pain in mice.

ProTx-I is a toxin derived from Thrixopelma pruriens and a peptide inhibitor targeting TTX-resistant sodium channels. ProTx-I interacts with voltage sensors of multiple domains such as NaV1.7, reduces neuronal excitability through allosteric modulation of channel gating and alteration of voltage dependence. The IC₅₀ values of ProTx-I against human NaV1.7, NaV1.2, NaV1.6, and NaV1.5 are 95 nM, 104 nM, 21 nM, and 358 nM, respectively; ProTx-I also potently inhibits Ba²⁺ currents of hCav3.1, while its inhibitory potency against hCav3.2 is approximately 160-fold lower. ProTx-I is applicable to the research of chronic pain.

MONIRO-1 is a T-type and N-type calcium channel blocker with IC₅₀ values of 34, 3.3, 1.7 and 7.2 µM against hCa_v2.2, hCa_v3.1, hCa_v3.2 and hCa_v3.3, respectively. MONIRO-1 has low activity against L-type calcium channels. MONIRO-1 can be used for the study of pain and epilepsy.

Mibefradil (Ro 40-5967) is a calcium channel blocker with moderate selectivity for T-type Ca²⁺ channels displaying IC₅₀s of 2.7 μM and 18.6 μM for T-type and L-type currents, respectively.

IAA65 is a potent T-type calcium channel inhibitor with a IC₅₀ value of 18.9 µM. IAA65 can be used for epilepsy research.

IAB15 is a potent T-type calcium channel inhibitor. IAB15 can be used for epilepsy research.